Forensic Science International
Volume 153, Issue 1 , Pages 29-37 , 4 October 2005

Validation of an ELISA-based screening assay for the detection of amphetamine, MDMA and MDA in blood and oral fluid

  • Marleen Laloup

      Affiliations

    • Federal Public Service Justice, National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Section Toxicology, Vilvoordsesteenweg 98, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +32 2 240 05 00; fax: +32 2 242 47 61.
    • ,
  • Gaëlle Tilman

      Affiliations

    • Federal Public Service Justice, National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Section Toxicology, Vilvoordsesteenweg 98, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
    • Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, St. Luc University, Hospital–UCL, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
    • ,
  • Viviane Maes

      Affiliations

    • Department of Clinical Chemistry–Toxicology, Academic Hospital, Free University of Brussels, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
    • ,
  • Gert De Boeck

      Affiliations

    • Federal Public Service Justice, National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Section Toxicology, Vilvoordsesteenweg 98, 1120 Brussels, Belgium
    • ,
  • Pierre Wallemacq

      Affiliations

    • Laboratory of Clinical Chemistry and Toxicology, St. Luc University, Hospital–UCL, Avenue Hippocrate 10, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
    • ,
  • Jan Ramaekers

      Affiliations

    • Experimental Psychopharmacology Unit, Brain and Behaviour Institute, Maastricht University, Universiteitssingel 50, 6229 ER, Maastricht, The Netherlands
    • ,
  • Nele Samyn

      Affiliations

    • Federal Public Service Justice, National Institute of Criminalistics and Criminology (NICC), Section Toxicology, Vilvoordsesteenweg 98, 1120 Brussels, Belgium

References 

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  2. Moore KA, Werner C, Zannelli RM, Levine B, Smith ML. Screening postmortem blood and tissues for nine classes [correction of cases] of drugs of abuse using automated microplate immunoassay. Forens. Sci. Int. 1999;106(2):93–102
  3. Collison IB, Spiehler VR, Guluzian S, Sedgwick PR. Setting cut-off concentrations for immunoassay screening of postmortem blood. J. Forens. Sci. 1998;43(2):390–394
  4. Kroener L, Musshoff F, Madea B. Evaluation of immunochemical drug screenings of whole blood samples A retrospective optimization of cut-off levels after confirmation-analysis on GC–MS and HPLC-DAD. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2003;27(4):205–212
  5. Cirimele V, Etienne S, Villain M, Ludes B, Kintz P. Evaluation of the one-step ELISA kit for the detection of buprenorphine in urine, blood, and hair specimens. Forens. Sci. Int. 2004;143(2–3):153–156
  6. Cooper G, Wilson L, Reid C, Baldwin D, Hand C, Spiehler V. Validation of the Cozart® microplate ELISA for detection of opiates in hair. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2003;27(8):581–586
  7. Barnes AJ, Kim I, Schepers R, Moolchan ET, Wilson L, Cooper G, et al. Sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency in detecting opiates in oral fluid with the Cozart® Opiate Microplate EIA and GC–MS following controlled codeine administration. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2003;27(7):402–407
  8. Kidwell DA, Kidwell JD, Shinohara F, Harper C, Roarty K, Bernadt K, et al. Comparison of daily urine, sweat, and skin swabs among cocaine users. Forens. Sci. Int. 2003;133(1-2):63–78
  9. Peel HW, Perrigo BJ, Mikhael NZ. Detection of drugs in saliva of impaired drivers. J. Forens. Sci. 1984;29(1):185–189
  10. Kintz P, Samyn N. Use of alternative specimens: drugs of abuse in saliva and doping agents in hair. Ther. Drug Monit. 2002;24(2):239–246
  11. Verstraete AG. Detection times of drugs of abuse in blood, urine, and oral fluid. Ther. Drug Monit. 2004;26(2):200–205
  12. Kim I, Barnes AJ, Schepers R, Moolchan ET, Wilson L, Cooper G, et al. Sensitivity and specificity of the Cozart® microplate EIA cocaine oral fluid at proposed screening and confirmation cut-offs. Clin. Chem. 2003;49(9):1498–1503
  13. Samyn N, Verstraete A, van Haeren C, Kintz P. Analysis of drugs of abuse in saliva. Forens. Sci. Rev. 1999;11(1):2–19
  14. de la Torre R, Farre M, Navarro M, Pacifici R, Zuccaro P, Pichini S. Clinical pharmacokinetics of amfetamine and related substances: monitoring in conventional and non-conventional matrices. Clin. Pharmacokinet. 2004;43(3):157–185
  15. Samyn N, De Boeck G, Wood M, Lamers CT, De Waard D, Brookhuis KA, et al. Plasma, oral fluid and sweat wipe ecstasy concentrations in controlled and real life conditions. Forens. Sci. Int. 2002;128(1/2):90–97
  16. Samyn N, van Haeren C. On-site testing of saliva and sweat with Drugwipe and determination of concentrations of drugs of abuse in saliva, plasma and urine of suspected users. Int. J. Legal Med. 2000;113(3):150–154
  17. Navarro M, Pichini S, Farré M, Ortuño J, Roset PN, Segura J, et al. Usefulness of saliva for measurement of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine and its metabolites: correlation with plasma drug concentrations and effect of salivary pH. Clin. Chem. 2001;47(10):1788–1795
  18. Kupiec T, DeCicco L, Spiehler V, Sneed G, Kemp P. Choice of an ELISA assay for screening postmortem blood for amphetamine and/or methamphetamine. J. Anal. Toxicol. 2002;26(7):513–518
  19. Kerrigan S, Phillips WH. Comparison of ELISAs for opiates, methamphetamine, cocaine metabolite, benzodiazepines, phencyclidine, and cannabinoids in whole blood and urine. Clin. Chem. 2001;47(3):540–547
  20. Perrigo BJ, Joynt BP. Use of ELISA for the detection of common drugs of abuse in forensic whole blood samples. Can. Soc. Forens. Sci. J. 1995;28(4):261–269
  21. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration. Mandatory guidelines for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs. Fed. Regist. 59 (number): 29908–29931 (1994).

PII: S0379-0738(05)00209-4

doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.019

Forensic Science International
Volume 153, Issue 1 , Pages 29-37 , 4 October 2005

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