Forensic Science International
Volume 153, Issue 1 , Pages 75-80 , 4 October 2005

Two fatal intoxication cases with imidacloprid: LC/MS analysis

  • Paula Proença

      Affiliations

    • National Institute of Legal Medicine, Delegation of Coimbra, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +351 239854230; fax: +351 239820549.
    • ,
  • Helena Teixeira

      Affiliations

    • National Institute of Legal Medicine, Delegation of Coimbra, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
    • Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
    • ,
  • Fernando Castanheira

      Affiliations

    • National Institute of Legal Medicine, Delegation of Coimbra, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
    • ,
  • João Pinheiro

      Affiliations

    • National Institute of Legal Medicine, Delegation of Coimbra, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
    • ,
  • Paula V. Monsanto

      Affiliations

    • National Institute of Legal Medicine, Delegation of Coimbra, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
    • ,
  • Estela P. Marques

      Affiliations

    • National Institute of Legal Medicine, Delegation of Coimbra, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
    • Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
    • ,
  • Duarte Nuno Vieira

      Affiliations

    • National Institute of Legal Medicine, Delegation of Coimbra, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal
    • Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Largo da Sé Nova, 3000-213 Coimbra, Portugal

References 

  1. Elbert A, Overbeck H, Iwaya K, Tsuboi S. Imidacloprid, a novel systematic nitromethylene analogue insecticide for crop protection. In: Proceedings of Brighton Crop Protection Conference, Pests and Diseases, vol. 1. Brighton, UK. 1990;p. 21–28
  2. Sheets L. Imidacloprid: a neonicotinoid insecticide. In: second ed..  Kreiger R editors. Handbook of Pesticide Toxicology. vol. 2:New York: Academic Press; 2001;p. 1–8
  3. Guia dos Produtos Fitofarmacêuticos, Ed. Direcção Geral de Protecção das culturas, 2003.
  4. In:  Tomlin CDS editors. The Pesticide Manual. 11th ed.. Surrey, UK: British Crop Protection Council; 1997;p. 706–708
  5. Schulz-Jander DA, Casida JE. Imidacloprid insecticide metabolism: human cytochrome P450 isozymes differ in selectivity for imidazolidine oxidation versus nitroimine reduction. Toxicol. Lett. 2002;132:65–70
  6. R. Solecki, http://www.inchem.org/documents/jmpr/jmpmono/2001pr07.htm.
  7. Rouchard J, et al. Imidacloprid insecticide soil metabolism in sugar beet fiels crops. Bull. Environ. Contam. 1996;56:29–36
  8. Suchail S, Debrauwer L, Belzunces LP. Metabolism of imidacloprid in Apis mellifera. Pest. Manag. Sci. 2004;60:291–296
  9. Cox C. Imidacloprid. J. Pest. Reform. 2001;21:15–21
  10. In: third ed..  Moffat AC,  Osselton MD,  Widdop B editor. Clarke's Analysis of Drugs and Poisons in Pharmaceuticals, Body Fluids and Post-Mortem Material. vol. 2:London, UK: Pharmaceutical Press; 2004;p. 1128–1129
  11. Bonmatin JM, Moineau I, Charvet R, Fleche C, Colin ME, Bengsch ER. A LC/APCI–MS/MS method for analysis of imidacloprid in soils, in plants, and in pollens. Anal. Chem. 2003;75:2027–2033
  12. Oliveira RS, et al. Sorption of imidacloprid and its metabolites on tropical soils. J. Environ. Sci. Health. 2000;B35:39–49
  13. Baskaran S, Kookana RS, Naidu R. Determination of the insecticide imidacloprid in water and soils using high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. A. 1997;787:271–275
  14. Placke FJ, Weber E. Method of determining imidacloprid residues in plant materials. Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten Bayer. 1993;46:109–182
  15. Schöning R. Analytical method for determination of residues of imidacloprid, NTM 33893-5-hydroxy, and NTN 3393-olefin by HPLC with electrospray MS/MS-detection in plant and other materials. Pflanzenschutz-Nachrichten Bayer. 2001;54:413–452
  16. Schöning R, Schmuck R. Analytical determination of imidacloprid and relevant metabolite residues. Bull. Insectol. 2003;56:41–50
  17. Obana H, Okihashi M, Akutsu K, Kitagawa Y, Hori S. Determination of acetamiprid, imidacloprid, and nitenpyram residues in vegetables and fruits by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2002;50:4464–4467
  18. Pous X, et al. Determination of imidacloprid, metalaxyl, myclobutanil, propham, and thiabendazole in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry. Fresenius J. Anal. Chem. 2001;371:182–189
  19. Fernandez-Alba AR, Valderde A, Agüera A. Determination of imidacloprid in vegetables by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. J. Chromatogr. A. 1996;721:97–105
  20. Fernández-Alba AR, Tejedor A, Agüera A. Determination of imidacloprid and benzimidazole residues in fruits and vegetables by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry after ethyl acetate multiresidue extraction. J. AOAC Int. 2000;83:748–755
  21. Balasco C, Font G, Picó Y. Comparison of microextraction procedures to determine pesticides in oranges by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A. 2002;970:201–212
  22. Frenich AG, González FJE, Vidal JLM, Vázques PP, Sánchez MM. Determination of imidacloprid and its metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid in greenhouse air by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. J. Chromatogr. A. 2000;869:497–504
  23. Carretero AS, Cruces-Blanco C, Durán SP, Gutiérrez AF. Determination of imidacloprid and its metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid in greenhouse air by application of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with solid-phase extraction. J. Chromatogr. A. 2003;1003:189–195
  24. Wu I-W, Lin J-L, Cheng E-T. Acute poisoning with the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid in N-methyl pyrrolidone. Clin. Toxicol. 2001;39:617–621

PII: S0379-0738(05)00203-3

doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2005.04.015

Forensic Science International
Volume 153, Issue 1 , Pages 75-80 , 4 October 2005

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