Forensic Science International
Volume 156, Issue 1 , Pages 23-34 , 6 January 2006

Instability of calcium channel antagonists during sample preparation for LC–MS–MS analysis of serum samples

  • Ana B. Baranda

      Affiliations

    • Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
    • Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital, Albertstrasse 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +34 94 601 33 66; fax: +34 94 464 85 00.
  • ,
  • Rosa M. Alonso

      Affiliations

    • Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
  • ,
  • Rosa M. Jiménez

      Affiliations

    • Departamento de Química Analítica, Facultad de Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad del País Vasco/EHU, Apdo. 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Spain
  • ,
  • Wolfgang Weinmann

      Affiliations

    • Institute of Forensic Medicine, Forensic Toxicology, University Hospital, Albertstrasse 9, D-79104 Freiburg, Germany

Received 7 April 2004 ,Revised 23 November 2004 ,Accepted 27 November 2004.

References 

  1. Godfraind T, Salomone S. New advances in hypertensive treatment with calcium antagonists. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1997;30:S1–S5
  2. Van Zwieten PA. The pharmacological properties of lipophilic calcium antagonists. Blood Press. 1998;7(Suppl. 2):5–9
  3. Nayler WG. Calcium antagonists: past, present and future – a personal view. J. Clin. Basic Cardiol. 1999;2:155–161
  4. B.K. Logan, Photodegradation of nifedipine relative to nitrendipine evaluated by liquid and gas chromatography, J. Chromatogr. 529 (1990) 175–181.
  5. Bonferoni MC, Mellerio G, Giuchendi P, Caramella C, Conte U. Photostability evaluation of nicardipine HCl solutions. Int. J. Pharm. 1992;80:109–117
  6. Barlett MG, Spell JC, Mathis PS, Elagany MFA, El Zeany BE, Elkawy MA, et al. Determination of degradation products from the calcium-channel blocker isradipine. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 1998;18:335–345
  7. Mielcarek J, Stobiecki M, Franski R. Identification of photodegradation products of nilvadipine using GC–MS. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2000;24:71–79
  8. Yeung PKF, Mosher SJ, Pollak PT. Liquid chromatography assay for amlodipine: chemical stability and pharmacokinetics in rabbits. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 1991;9:565–571
  9. De Filipps P, Bovina E, Da Ros L, Fiori J, Cavrini V. Photodegradation studies on lacidipine in solution: basic experiments with a cis-trans reversible photoequilibrium under UV – a radiation exposure. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 2002;27:803–812
  10. Tucker FA, Minty PS, MacGregor GA. Study of nifedipine photodecomposition in plasma and whole blood using capillary gas–liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1985;342:193–198
  11. Hayase N, Itagaki Y, Ogawa S, Akutsu S, Inagaki S, Abiko Y. Newly discovered photodegradation products of nifedipine in hospital prescriptions. J. Pharm. Sci. 1994;83:532–538
  12. de Vries H, Beijhersbergen van Henegouwen GMJ. Photoreactivity of nifedipine in vitro and in vivo. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 1998;43:217–221
  13. Pietta P, Rava A, Biondi P. High-performance liquid chromatography of nifedipine, its metabolites and photochemical degradation products. J. Chromatogr. 1984;210:516–521
  14. Bogdan A, Kaniewska T. Testing of decomposition of pyridinedicarboxylic acid derivatives in selected pharmaceutical preparations. Acta Pol. Pharm. 1997;54:261–266
  15. de Vries H, Beijersbergen van Hnegouwen GMJ. Photoreactivity and systemic side effects of drugs. Nitroaromatics (photoreactivity of nifedipine in vitro and in vivo). Photochem. Photobiol. 1995;62:959–963
  16. Beijersbergen van Hnegouwen GMJ. Medicinal photochemistry: phototoxic and phototherapeutic aspects of drugs. In:  Testa B,  Meyer U editor. Advances in Drug Research. New York: Academic Press; 1997;p. 79–170
  17. Gibbs NK, Traynor NJ, Johnson BE, Ferguson J. In vitro phototoxicity of nifedipine: sequential induction of toxic and non-toxic photoproducts with UVA radiation. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B. 1992;13:275–288
  18. Al-Ajmi HS, Dawe RS, Renwick AG, Macklin BS, Ferguson J, Gibbs NK. The effect of whole-body sunbed ultraviolet. A exposure on the pharmacokinetics of the photolabile drug nifedipine. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 2000;16:111–115
  19. Guarrera M, Parodi A, Rebora A. Is nifedipine phototoxic?. Photodermatol. Photoimmunol. Photomed. 1990;7:25–27
  20. A.S. Feste, Bioanalytical Method Validation, http://www.biochroma-inc.com, last access on 4th April 2004.
  21. Hartmann C, Smeyers-Verbeke J, Massart DL, McDowall RD. Validation of bioanalytical chromatographic methods. J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 1998;17:193–218
  22. D.B. Lakings, Bioanalytical Chemistry Methods: Development and Validation. http://www.pharmacology-toxicology.com, last access on 4th April 2004.
  23. Müller C, Baranda AB, Weinmann W. Screening procedure for 1,4-dihydropyridin calcium channel blockers in plasma samples by automated solid phase extraction and LC–MS–MS. J. Mass Spectrom. 2004;39:639–646
  24. Weinmann W, Wiedemann A, Eppinger B, Renz M, Svoboda M. Screening for drugs in serum by electrospray ionization/collision-induced dissociation and library searching. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 1999;10:1028–1037
  25. Bäärhielm C, Backman Ä, Hoffmann KJ, Weidolf L. Biotransformation of felodipine in liver microsomes from rat, dog and man. Drug Metab. Dispos. 1986;14:613–618
  26. Grossi P, Pellegati M, Vigelli G, Ayrton J, Duncan BA, Evans GL, et al. Lacidipine metabolism in rat and dog: identification and synthesis of main metabolites. Xenobiotica. 1992;22:899–916
  27. von Nieciecki A, Huber HJ, Stanislaus F. Pharmacokinetics of Nilvadipine. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1992;20:S22–S29
  28. Scherling D, Karl W, Ahr G, Ahr HJ, Wehinger E. Pharmacokinetics of Nisoldipine III. Biotransformation of nisoldipine in rat, dog, monkey and man. Arzneimittelforschung. 1988;38:1105–1110
  29. Beresford AP, Macrae PV, Alker D, Kobylecki RJ. Biotransformation of amlodipine. Identification and synthesis of metabolites found in rat, dog and human urine/confirmation of structures by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry. Arzneimittelforschung. 1989;39:201–209
  30. Barchielli M, Dolfini E, Farina P, Leoni B, Targa G, Vinaccia V, et al. Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Lercanidipine. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 1997;29:S1–S5
  31. Raemsch KD, Sommer J. Pharmacokinetics and metabolism of nifedipine. Hypertension. 1983;5:18–24
  32. Meyer H, Wehinger E, Bossert F, Scherling D. Nimodipine: synthesis and metabolic pathway. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33:106–112
  33. Meyer H, Scherling D, Kart W. Nitrendipine: identification and synthesis of main metabolites. Arzneimittelforschung. 1983;33:1528–1534

PII: S0379-0738(04)00813-8

doi: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2004.11.014

Forensic Science International
Volume 156, Issue 1 , Pages 23-34 , 6 January 2006